The Mecca pact between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Türkiye signals a shift towards regional powers assuming greater responsibility for their own deterrence while retaining multiple external partnerships
India cannot afford to view the Mecca defence pact as mere symbolism; it could strengthen Pakistan’s strategic position and require sustained diplomatic engagement with Riyadh and Ankara
India and Japan strengthened their strategic partnership by launching an economic security framework, a defence co-development pact, and major initiatives in energy, semiconductors, quantum technology and bio-gas. The agreements followed talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi
