Zhongwei Li and his colleagues describe how they can generate rudimentary kidney structures, known as organoids, that resemble the collecting duct system that helps maintain the body's fluid and pH balance by concentrating and transporting urine.
It is among the rarest-of-rare cases when the patient had kidney stones in such large numbers, causing severe distress to her prior to the surgical procedure.
To define the cardiovascular disease risk of patients with glomerular diseases, the research team analysed 2000-2012 information from a centralised kidney pathology registry in British Columbia, Canada.