Trump signs new orders targeting birth tourism and birthright citizenship

US President Donald Trump has signed two executive orders targeting birth tourism and expanding restrictions on birthright citizenship despite a recent Supreme Court setback. The move has drawn criticism from immigration experts, who argue the measures violate the US Constitution

Washington: US President Donald Trump has signed two executive orders to crack down on birth tourism and limit the number of people eligible for birthright citizenship, weeks after the Supreme Court struck down his directive on the issue.

One order signed by Trump on Thursday targets people who engage in commercial “birth tourism” by seeking to deny them access to the country.

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The other expands the categories of people whom it says are ineligible for birthright citizenship, such as children of foreign citizens who lobby on behalf of foreign governments.

On June 30, the US Supreme Court struck down Trump’s executive order seeking to end birthright citizenship, reaffirming the more than 100-year-old understanding that nearly all those born in the United States are citizens.

Talking to reporters in the Oval Office after signing the executive orders, Trump criticised the Supreme Court over its June 30 ruling and asserted that the fresh move was aimed at “making adjustments”.

“We had a very unfortunate decision in the Supreme Court concerning birthright, it was close, but a very, very unfortunate decision. So we’re making adjustments,” the president said.

He was flanked by White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer and White House Staff Secretary Will Scharf.

Ratified on July 9, 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalised in the US, including former slaves.

“This was done right after the Civil War. This was for the babies of slaves, and what’s happening now? People are building businesses around it,” Trump said.

Miller, considered the architect of Trump’s anti-immigration agenda, said people come to the US pretending to be tourists, but the real reason they are there is to have a child so that the child becomes an automatic citizen.

“It gives them access, under this broken system, to welfare benefits, ultimately to the voting booth, and all the other rights and privileges that belong solely to Americans,” Miller said.

One of the orders lists several categories of people who should not be granted citizenship documents, including the children of people who engaged “in a commercial transaction to ensure that the person’s mother is present in the United States, or a territory of the United States, to give birth.” Also listed are children whose parents belong to terrorist groups, children of foreign government employees, and children who were born in a US territory “where citizenship is not conferred by Federal statute”.

Immigration experts lashed out at the new executive orders signed by Trump, contending that they were unconstitutional.

“Trump’s new EO on birthright citizenship is also blatantly unconstitutional when it precludes citizenship if the parents of the person engage in a commercial transaction to ensure that the person’s mother is present in the United States, or a territory of the United States, to give birth,” Cyrus Mehta, a New York-based immigration attorney, said in a post on X.

“The meaning of commercial transaction is too vague and violates the 14th Amendment. It should be struck down,” he added.

According to the Migration Policy Institute, the broadest census-based estimate puts birth tourism at 22,000 to 26,000 babies born annually on US soil, although government data show just 9,600 births to mothers with foreign addresses in 2024.

“The Supreme Court already decided this issue: Birthright citizenship is guaranteed by the Constitution. Any executive order that tries to attack birthright citizenship will meet the same fate as President Trump’s last one,” the American Civil Liberties Union said in a statement.